The adrenal glands are 2 small glands that sit on top of the kidneys. They make several essential hormones e.g., Steroid (Cortisol), Aldosterone, Adrenaline and Androgen hormones, which are released into the bloodstream when needed. These hormones control blood pressure, flight and fight response, metabolism and overall well-being.
Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency or hypoadrenalism, is a rare disorder of the adrenal glands.
The adrenal gland is damaged in Addison's disease, so it does not produce enough cortisol, aldosterone and androgen hormones.
About 9,000 people in the UK have Addison's disease, with over 300 new cases diagnosed each year.
It can affect people of any age, although it's most common between the ages of 30 and 50. It's also more common in women than men. This is very treatable condition but if left untreated can lead to life threating consequences.
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/addisons-disease/
Cushing's syndrome is a condition caused by having too much of Cortisol hormone in your body, which can lead to tiredness, easy bruising, weight gain (central obesity), abnormal metabolic parameters (Diabetes, high cholesterol, high Blood pressure) and fragile bones (osteoporosis).
This is usually the result of:
The tumours are usually non-cancerous (benign) and this condition and treatable.
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cushings-syndrome/
A phaeochromocytoma is a rare tumour of the adrenal glands.
This can cause the adrenal glands to produce too much of adrenaline hormones (flight and fight response), which often results in problems such as heart palpitations and high blood pressure.
It will usually be non-cancerous (benign), although around 1 in 10 are cancerous (malignant).
It's can be removed successfully using surgery.
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/phaeochromocytoma/
Conn's syndrome, also known as primary aldosteronism, is a condition where the adrenal glands produce too much of the hormone aldosterone.
Aldosterone regulates blood pressure and the balance of water and salt in the body.
Conn's syndrome, also known as primary aldosteronism (PA), is one of the most common underlying causes of Hypertension, with a 5% - 22% prevalence and is associated with a higher incidence of co-morbidities, compared to patients with essential hypertension with similar blood pressure. It is a treatable and, in the case of unilateral primary aldosteronism, curable disease. Yet, fewer than 1% of patients with primary aldosteronism are diagnosed. Diagnosis is time-consuming due to the need for specialist tests. Increasing rates of diagnosis is, therefore, vital in improving patient outcomes.
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