Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 & 2, Atypical, Genetic, MODY

---

 Diabetes is a condition that causes a person's blood sugar level to become too high.

There are 2 main types of diabetes:

• type      1 diabetes – a lifelong condition where the body's immune      system attacks and destroys the cells that produce insulin
• type      2 diabetes – where the body does not produce enough insulin,      or the body's cells do not react to insulin properly

Type 2 diabetes is far more common than type 1. In the UK, over 90% of all adults with diabetes have type 2.

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetes/

Atypical diabetes Mellitus

It is now generally recognized that the binary categorization of diabetes into type 1 and type 2 is insufficient to capture the range of metabolic and clinical phenotypes, molecular mechanisms, and disease pathogenesis that lead to the final common end point of hyperglycemia. The frequency of non–type 1, non–type 2 diabetes—now referred to as “atypical diabetes”—is likely underestimated, and the proportion varies considerably (from 5% to 11%) depending on the ethnic and other characteristics of the population studied.  

Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY)

This is a genetic Diabetes Mellitus, caused by a change in a single gene. It affects 1-2% of people with Diabetes. It is very rare compared to Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes and therefore, doctors may not be aware of it; estimated that 90% of people with MODY are mistakenly diagnose with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes at the onset. If a parent has this gene mutation, there is 50% chance of inheritance amongst the children.