Parathyroid disease and calcium disorders

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Primary Hyperparathyroidism is where the parathyroid glands become overactive and an excess of parathyroid hormone is released into the blood. This usually leads to high levels of calcium in the blood.

The most common cause of Primary Hyperparathyroidism is the development of a benign tumour called an adenoma in the gland. This is a non-cancerous growth that makes too much parathyroid hormone (PTH), but rarely can be malignant. 

https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/patients-with-primary-hyperparathyroidism/

Hypoparathyroidism is a rare condition where the parathyroid glands, which are in the neck near the thyroid gland, produce too little parathyroid hormone.

This makes blood calcium levels fall (hypocalcaemia) and blood phosphorus levels rise (hyperphosphataemia), which can cause a wide range of symptoms, including muscle cramps, pain and twitching.

Treatment for hypoparathyroidism involves taking supplements, usually for life, to restore calcium and phosphorus levels.

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hypoparathyroidism/