Cushing disease
A specific type of Cushing syndrome that's caused by a benign tumour in the pituitary gland that produces too much adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Cushing disease is the most common cause of endogenous Cushing syndrome, accounting for about 70% of cases.
Diabetes insipidus is a rare condition where you pass urine frequently and large volume of urine and feel thirsty.
Diabetes insipidus is not related to type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes (also known as diabetes mellitus), but it does share some of the same signs and symptoms.
The 2 main symptoms of diabetes insipidus are:
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetes-insipidus/
Prolactinoma: This is a prolactin-producing tumour of the pituitary gland.
This is a benign tumour, and not a brain tumour or cancer. This tumour only grows very slowly and many do not seem to grow at all. We do not know exactly what causes a prolactinoma, but it is the most common type of hormone producing pituitary tumour. Prolactinomas can vary in size, but the vast majority are less than 10mm in diameter. These are called microprolactinomas. The rarer larger tumours are called macroprolactinomas. They can occur in men and women. The symptoms produced by a prolactinoma depend on the sex of the patient and the size of the tumour.
https://www.royalberkshire.nhs.uk/media/nhrfgb2s/prolactinoma_jan23.pdf
Hypopituitarism is when your pituitary gland is not active enough and does not make enough pituitary hormones.
The pituitary gland is a small pea-sized gland situated in a hollow bony pouch, at the base of the brain, at the back of the bridge of the nose. It is the master gland of the endocrine system and controls the functions of most of the other endocrine glands.
The pituitary gland produces or releases the following hormones:
• Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH): This hormone stimulates the adrenal glands (small endocrine glands situated on the top of your kidneys) to produce cortisol. This is a steroid hormone that is essential for everyday activities and health.
· Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH): This hormone circulates to the thyroid gland in the neck, stimulating it to make and release thyroid hormones, Thyroxine and Tri-iodothyronine.
• Gonadotrophins - Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinising Hormone (LH): These hormones regulate and control the male and female hormones, menstrual cycles, ovulation, sperm production and fertility.
• Growth hormone (GH): This has effects on the various tissue of the body. In children, it is essential to reach normal growth. In adults, it appears to maintain normal energy levels and to keep muscles and bones strong and healthy.
• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): This hormone circulates to the kidneys where it regulates the amount of urine produced. Too little ADH causes continual thirst and copious output of urine day and night.
https://www.royalberkshire.nhs.uk/media/h2aiv03r/hypopituitarism-prt_jan23.pdf
Hypoparathyroidism is a rare condition where the parathyroid glands, which are in the neck near the thyroid gland, produce too little parathyroid hormone.
This makes blood calcium levels fall (hypocalcaemia) and blood phosphorus levels rise (hyperphosphataemia), which can cause a wide range of symptoms, including muscle cramps, pain and twitching.
Treatment for hypoparathyroidism involves taking supplements, usually for life, to restore calcium and phosphorus levels.
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hypoparathyroidism/
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